Primary Sources

This image titled //New Harmony// is a birds eye view of a community in New Harmony, Indiana in 1835. During the Market Revolution in the 1800s in response to the Revolution groups of people desired a perfect community.They withdrew themselves from the outside world to achieve this goal of utopia. Withdrawing from the outside world ensured a more pure society and standard beliefs and government systems. The image shows that Utopian communities wanted to withdraw from the outside world in order to maintain Utopia inside of their community walls. The Utopian establishment pictured is very structured from the architectural structure, which echoes the structure of how the community was run and the values of the people living inside of the community walls. //Source:// //New Harmony//. 1825. //ABC-CLIO//. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Nov. 2009. . Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American philosopher, writer and poet. He was the primary leader of the transcendentalist movement that began in New England in the 1830s which later contributed to the American Renaissance in literature. Transcendentalism is a philosophy that was created in response to the Market Revolution. It focuses on the individual spirit and self-trust rather than the material which was a major focus during Revolution. Emerson believed that “every natural process is a version of a moral sentence” meaning that if you are one with nature then you can achieve a better nature of self. The following excerpt from Emerson's essay entitled //The American Scholar// recognizes that he was a huge advocate for the individual rather than social traditions that had been created in America which over time defined freedom.
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//Source:// Foner, Eric. "Voices Of Freedom." //Give Me Liberty! An American History//. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2009. 326. Print.

Sir Thomas More was a member of the British Parliament and speaker of the House of Commons. In 1516 he wrote a two-volume book entitled //Utopia.// Although 1516 was long before the Market Revolution More's book captured the essence of a Utopian community that those in the 1800s were striving to create. Utopians wanted to create perfect communities and valued the group over the individual which was shown in their daily way of life. They also wanted to create a standard set of behavior and ideals.This excerpt from More's book depicts this image by describing the city as a very uniform and perfect place where everyone conducts themselves and their communities in the same way. //Source: More, Thomas, Sir. “A Vision of Utopia.” //American Issues: A Documentary Reader//. Ed. Charles M. Dollar and Gary W. Reichard. New York: Random House School Division, 1988. 21. Print.
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